2014年12月

You can count on it even as a kid with an ice cube tray when water or H2O, reaches the freezing temperature it will expand to occupy about one ninth more space. If the water is contained in the confined of a metal pipe basically there will be no room what so ever for expansion, you can be sure as day that it will crack your pipe, series of pipes or plumbing.

Then as the ambient temperature rises and thus the pipe and its contents thaws – and thus reaches above freezing temperatures water, or what ever liquid is in the pipe itself – will come pouring and gushing out of the pipe.

These events are what occur with standard metal pipes. The same problem does not occur with modern plastic pipes because simply plastic "stretches" as the freezing water expands. Metal due to its innate characteristics and thresholds, interacts with cold in such a manner and matter to, compound the problem and problems. You can bet your last dollar that with old style metal pipes and virtually guarantying cracks in the pipe and piping materials. Remarkably and amazingly it takes only a few degrees below the standard and accepted freezing point of water (32 degrees F or zero Celsius) to accomplish this simple feat of the elements of nature – damaging the plumbing of your home or summer time vacation cottage. No doubt you will find this damage to your property come spring time. True if your property is up top on a mountaintop the freezing temperature will be even less when it comes time for the water in your plumbing fixtures to freeze – say university lab chemistry authorities.

To prevent your pipes from freezing, simply ensure that no pipe that may be exposed to temperatures below 32 degrees F (or zero degrees Celsius), has water or H2O residues left within the pipe or plumbing fixtures. Obviously, if you are living in a house you do not have to worry about indoor plumbing because it will be safely above the freezing point at all times. Your main concern is with faucets on the outside or exterior areas of your buildings, which are used to connect garden faucets to the water supply. The water in the pipe leading to an outside faucet can simply and easily freeze and the ice can extend backing the pipe to a point actually inside the house itself. Be forewarned.

To drain water from a pipe or any plumbing that meanders its way to an outside faucet, first and foremost take time and care and effort to shut the flow of water to the pipe. In most cases you can easily and simply accomplish this task simply by turning the control valve closed. (The control valves are generally on the same pipes as the exterior pipes but inside your home or building). Next simply open the outside faucet all the way. The water should simply and easily flow out as generally the pipes leading to the faucet or faucets should be sloped slightly in a downwards direction.

In most cases you will find that the building codes or "The Code" in your area has insisted that with the construction of your property that the control valve or valves have as part of their standard setup and installation a drainage cap on the faucet side of the valve. Open this too, to ensure complete drainage even if the pipe is not quite fully opened. Leave it like this through the whole winter time season. Come springtime season, and when you are perfectly sure that the danger and dangers of freezing is past, close the outside faucet and the drainage [censored] cap, and open the control valve. In dealing with opening of summer time vacation cottages – it never hurts to be on the conservative side. Sure it may be long time wintertime in the city of Winnipeg – yet out in the Manitoba Interlake regions with all the ice of the lakes – it still may be good and cold. Wintertime and freezing temperatures may yet return. So it never hurts to play it safe and conservative. Simply wait a couple of weeks until you "open the cottage"

If you want to have water available in the exterior regions to the property, throughout the winter time periods, then you can simply employ an anti freeze faucet. The handle of the outside faucet is connected by a rod long in length, to the valve which is inside and interior to the house. When the faucet is turned off, it closes this valve, and the water that is within the pipe between the valve and the outside runs out of the faucet because of the downward slope of the pipe. Be reassured that if you have this kind of outside faucet, you need not ever worry about your pipes freezing.

Thus these are some simple ways and means of ensuring that any water or liquid residue and residues that remain in metal pipes and piping – be they copper or cast iron do not freeze within the metal confines of your pipes and plumbing as well as plumbing fixtures.


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Broken marriage, to save or not to save? That is often the question most people ask nowadays whose marriage is on the rocks. Should you really try to save or not save your marriage?

Broken marriage, to save or not to save? That is often the question most people ask nowadays whose marriage is on the rocks. Should you really try to save or not save your marriage? It really depends on one's situation. A broken marriage is not something that one wishes for but sometimes it is better that way for the good of everybody.

Every marriage has its flaws, no marriage is perfect but those imperfections are not reason enough to split unless of course the main factor that holds a marriage together is gone. What are those factors that keep the marriage intact? Love, respect, honor, and responsibility: once these factors are gone in a marriage then indeed it is better to be free of each other than stay together.

There are a lot of couples who stay together for the wrong reasons which makes them so miserable. Their number one reason of staying together is because of the children, another is because of their parents, what others might say and what their church friends would say, it is certainly the wrong reason to stay together. You will end up more miserable and frustrated. How can you possibly live with someone whom you don't love anymore but despise and hate? What others think doesn't matter, it is your life and you better live it the way you think is right.

However, if both of you are sincere with your marriage but is just undergoing difficulty then make your marriage to work. It is indeed worth to save it all for the right reasons. Remember that you have committed yourself to one another and has promised to be faithful to the marriage vow that you have. It is just normal for a marriage to undergo problems and it is up to you how you handle such problem.

So can a broken marriage be saved? If the couple want to then the obvious answer is "yes". Nothing can be achieved if it is only one who wants to patch things up. You are definitely wasting your time if it is only you who want to save your marriage.

Both parties must be opened to talk honestly to one another. Both parties must want the marriage to work the second time around for the right reasons and that is because you still love, respect, honor and have the sense of responsibility for each other.

Trust is something that you have to work out and be restored because without it marriage can never survive. Ability to listen to one another and try to be positive in everything you do. That way it will ease the air of negativity around you and your spouse would take the lead. This in a way will release some of the tensions and will help both of you to think right and get calm over your situation.

The point here is that, a marriage can only work for two people who are really committed to make their marriage work no matter what happens. Couples who experienced so many challenges throughout their marriage life and were able to overcome those challenges, had their marriage much stronger than it ever was. If both of you really feel like you were meant to be together, then the question "broken marriage, to save or not to save?" wouldn't apply to you.

So take a hold of yourself, are you one of those couples who got married and stay married for the wrong reasons? If not then you don't have to worry and don't have to be afraid for you'll never have to face situations and answering questions like broken marriage, to save or not to save? For sure you will both be able to resolve things before you even come to a conclusion of splitting up.

Article Tags: Broken Marriage


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The cry of the public classroom teacher is heard throughout the United States and in many parts of the world. With all the testing performed to ensure accountability in our educational system, there are not enough hours in the day to teach. Teachers become constrained to "teach to the test," thereby impeding certain modalities of transmitting information to students, reducing the number of hours that students can take part in "unnecessary" activities like art and music, and increasing the amount of homework to fill in the gaps. What is the answer to the conundrum of maintaining standards of excellence in education without creating inordinate stress for teachers and students? Further, what assurances do we have that testing amounts to something more than making clever comparisons across States and nations? Is there a methodology of testing that leads to results that can be efficiently translated into better education for our children?

The answer to these questions and more were considered at the International Symposium for Methodological Tools for Accountability Systems in Education at the Joint Research Center [JRC] from February 6-8 in Ispra Italy. Attended by 90 international experts from 20 countries, leading minds gathered to resolve academic disputes and identify a few solid robust statistical practices upon which the widest international consensus can be reached. The sponsor of the symposium, the Unit for Applied Statistics and Econometrics at JRC was mandated to bring together a diverse team of educators, social scientists, economists and statisticians in a multi-disciplinary approach to education research. "Our Unit builds scales for the knowledge society," said Daniele Vidoni, one of the conference organizers, "and our ability to bring together all these experts in one room may well be the key to focusing what path educational testing will take and what role it will have in cultivating our children's future." "Statistical techniques which allow quality of education to be measured are available," added Andrea Saltelli, Unit Head, "but not all countries have the same experience of their use in education and training."

Trevor G. Bond, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Andreas Schleicher, OECD, David Andrich of Murdoch University, Australia, Enrico Gori, University of Udine, Italy, Gage Kingsbury of Northwest Evaluation Association in the United States and several others were on hand to discuss the benefits of Rasch analysis in obtaining measures of student achievement that can be compared through space and time. The importance of generating a multilevel modeling approach to understanding the actual influence of gender, social and family conditions in student achievement was also explored. Experts also discussed the utilization of longitudinal measures of student achievement as necessary to an in depth understanding of student progress. All these factors are expected to yield, in practice, the ability to track an individual student's progress over time, thus evaluating the quality of the education distinct from socio-economic location.

Aboveand beyond any intellectual discussion of statistics and the accuracy and efficiency of the methodologies used, which are certainly crucial to all forms of testing, experts agreed that whatever methodologies are utilized in the coming decades, they must yield expeditious results. Children are not meant to languish while adults read test scores that require excessive time periods to decipher or incorporate into educational practices. Adaptive and interactive testing that gives teachers direct access to the "front end" of testing results, already in practice in countries like New Zealand, may be the sought compromise that puts results quickly and efficiently into the hands of those most able to make sure that no child is "left behind."


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Innovation has turned into the true benchmark of success, notably in the present business environment. Firms in every kind of trade are stepping up their efforts to become more innovative in the best way they work, communicate and produce the goods and services they sell. But with such an an objective, the actual challenge turns into, the way to determine the people inside an unit who possess the best potential to innovate.

Whereas everybody has the innate ability to engage in creative thinking and problem solving, there are seven common traits that innovative leaders like da Vinci, Edison, Henry Ford and Steve Jobs share; seven traits that propel them to think outside the confines of typical knowledge and visualize breakthrough concepts that change the way you and I live and experience the world.

The seven traits of highly innovate thinkers are:

1. Curiosity - Curiosity is the first step towards discovery. It is the "beginner's thoughts," a deep, child-like sense of wonder about the world, the connection between different things and the way they work.

2. Imagination - Before you possibly can develop a brand new concept, you have to first have the ability to conceive it, to envision the very possibility that it could exist. Innovation is fueled by leaps of the creative mind, making novel new connections between seemingly disparate ideas, concepts or objects.

3. Instinct - Making choices based mostly on facts and figures is fine in many instances. However true innovation is more typically born from that inner "realizing," the guiding force, sixth sense or gut feeling to comply with one's instincts, irrespective of how unconventional or illogical the direction.

4. Inventiveness - The ability to vary the established order requires an inquisitive passion for "tinkering." Innovators possess the will to arrange and re-shuffle ideas or things in new and completely different combinations.

5. Playfulness - It is once you get "lost in your work" that tremendous things begin to happen. Time, self-consciousness, seriousness and any sense of limitation falls away, and challenges are dealt with ease. The attitude of playfulness is, "Every little thing is possible."

6. Flexibility - The capability to suspend judgment and embrace two (or more) seemingly contrasting or unrelated viewpoints simultaneously helps create a dynamic pressure that ultimately stimulates inventive resolutions (solutions).

7. Persistence - All the inventive talent on the planet is of no worth should you quit prior to the work getting done. Persistence, the eagerness, willpower and enthusiasm to beat any setbacks and discouragement, allows innovative thinkers to keep attempting new possibilities until success is achieved.

In fact, there is no secret recipe for innovation. It requires an ongoing dedication on the part of a company and the people inside to relentlessly pursue new, better ways of doing business, and to not settle for anything lower than the absolute best result. However these seven key traits are an excellent place to begin for building your innovation foundation.

Begin to recognize the individuals round you who naturally possess these traits, and encourage them to make frequent use of them. And nurture these traits in others who aren't as naturally inclined. Acknowledge and reward creative thinking, responsible risk-taking and questioning the status quo. And very quickly you will have fostered a thriving tradition of innovation which might very likely lead to only one factor: greater success.

SmartStorming helps organizations solve tough business challenges in new, more innovative ways - with advanced brainstorm leadership training, problem solving techniques, brainstorming activities, and a variety of proven skill organizations need to innovation. Learn more at http://www.SmartStorming.com.
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When it comes to credit repair after bankruptcy you have essentially three options:

1) Hire a credit repair company

2) Buy credit repair software

3) Do it yourself (free!)

Before we go further, for the purpose of this article "credit repair" means the removal of any inaccurate or obsolete negative information from your credit report - not the removal of accurate non-obsolete negative information from your credit report.

Okay, now that we've defined "credit repair", let's look at each of the three credit repair options in more detail:

1) Hire a credit repair agency.

You can hire a credit repair company, which usually costs a few hundred dollars or more. The advantage here is it saves you some time.

The downside to hiring a credit repair company is that it can be expensive as mentioned above, costing a few hundred dollars or more.

If you do decide to hire a credit repair company, choose one very carefully. Stay away from credit repair companies promising to delete accurate non-obsolete negative items from your credit report.

Why? Because even if the credit repair company gets lucky and does manage to remove any accurate non-obsolete negative items from your credit report it may only be temporary - the credit reporting agencies update their files on a regular basis, so any accurate non-obsolete negative item that was removed from your credit report can re-appear again in the future.

While we're on the topic of "non-obsolete" versus "obsolete" negative information on your credit report, let's look at how long negative information can remain on your credit report: Most negative items can remain on your credit report for up to seven years from the date they were included in your bankruptcy. A Chapter 7 bankruptcy can remain on your credit report for ten years from the date it was filed, while a Chapter 13 can remain on your report for seven years from the date it was filed.

2) Buy credit repair software

There are a number of credit repair software programs on the market today. This option is typically less expensive than a credit repair company because you are doing the work. It also saves you time from having to compose your own letters.

Here’s how most credit repair software works: You load it onto your computer, fill in the blanks with your information, and then print out the customized dispute letters the software creates.

The risk you run here is that the credit reporting agency may not investigate the dispute and respond by saying they believe your dispute is “frivolous and irrelevant”. Why? Because when they see any sort of form letter they may think you are using a credit repair company.

3) Do it yourself

This is usually your best option, and it’s free. You just need to know exactly what to do when it comes to credit repair. You can start by visiting each major credit reporting agency's website and reading their instructions on how to dispute any inaccurate or obsolete negative information on your credit report. The three major credit reporting agencies are: Experian, Equifax, and Trans Union.

In addition, you can also pick up a book on credit repair. One word of warning though: Some books and courses encourage you to do illegal things: For example, creating a “new” identity. Stay away from these! Others are excellent resources when it comes to showing you how to remove inaccurate or obsolete negative items from your credit report.

If you have discharged or dismissed bankruptcy and want to repair your credit, there are some specific steps you need to take. I have seen very few credit repair books that even mention them. In After Bankruptcy Credit Solutions, I go into detail on each one.

For example, if you are applying for a home loan after bankruptcy, any inaccurate or obsolete negative information on your credit report can cost you thousands or tens of thousands of dollars in extra interest – if it doesn’t prevent you from qualifying for a loan. There is a way that you can get these negative items on your credit report removed or updated in as little as 48 hours!

So now you know what options you have when it comes to credit repair. Bottom line: Doing it yourself is usually the best, and most inexpensive, option when it comes to credit repair after bankruptcy. It just takes an investment of time on your part – but it can be well worth the effort.

Remember, if you have a discharged or dismissed bankruptcy on your credit report there are some specific steps you need to take when it comes to credit repair. Keep this in mind if you choose the “do it yourself” option and plan to shop for a book on credit repair.

Copyright (c) 2006 Innovative Solutions Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.

The company and product/service names referenced in this article are the trademarks, registered trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. None of the owners have sponsored or endorsed this article.

DISCLAIMER:

This information is designed to provide only a general overview of the subject matter herein.

This information is provided with the understanding that neither the publisher nor author is engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional advice. If legal or other expert assistance is required, the services of a professional should be sought.

Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss or damages, including but not limited to special, consequential, incidental or other damages, caused by the information contained herein.

R. Lawrence Anderson is author of After Bankruptcy Credit Solutions, which shows individuals how to qualify for credit and loans after bankruptcy. For details visit: http://www.bankruptcy-credit-solutions.com
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